From KPI to PSP: Making the Shift from Private Sector to APS

From KPI to PSP: Making the Shift from Private Sector to APS

From Corporate to Public Sector: How to Translate Your Experience for APS Success

You’ve nailed product launches, managed million-dollar budgets, and led high-performing teams. So why does applying for a public sector role feel like learning a whole new language?
Because it is a different language, and success isn’t just about experience. It’s about translation.

One client I worked with, let’s call him George, had 15 years in corporate strategy. He was sharp, experienced, and ready to give back through a senior APS executive role.
But his resume and interview responses were full of private-sector jargon: ROI, customer-centricity, agile methodology, NPS. Great stuff… in the corporate world.

The Translation Breakthrough

We reframed his value in public sector terms:

  • Instead of: “I led a team to exceed KPIs by 40%”

  • We said: “I led cross-functional teams to deliver strategic outcomes aligned with organisational priorities, enhancing service delivery across multiple stakeholders.”

The results? Shortlisted. Interviewed. Offered.

Why Language Matters in the APS

The Australian Public Service isn’t about selling yourself. It’s about showing how your strengths align with:

  • The broader mission (policy alignment over profit)

  • Stakeholder collaboration (not just shareholder returns)

  • Public impact (framed through equity, transparency, and service)

This means translating outcomes into terms like:

  • “Policy implementation” instead of “market expansion”

  • “Stakeholder engagement” instead of “client acquisition”

  • Selection criteria alignment” instead of “KPI smashing”

Keeping Your Edge While Adapting

You don’t need to lose your corporate sharpness—just reorient it. For example:

  • Private-sector strength: “Reduced operational costs by 25% through process optimisation”

  • APS translation: “Optimised resource allocation to achieve efficiency targets while maintaining service standards

How We Bridge the Gap

At PS Interview Coach, we specialise in helping corporate professionals:

  1. Reframe resumes for APS applications
  2. Master public sector interview techniques (very different from corporate!)
  3. Align stories with APS values during mock interviews

Feeling lost in translation? A career change isn’t just about applying—it’s about aligning your story to a new purpose.

Contact us for a free 15-minute consultation to start your APS transition with confidence!

Impostor Syndrome Walked Into the APS Interview. You Followed After.

Impostor Syndrome Walked Into the APS Interview. You Followed After.

Ever walked out of an APS interview and thought, “I knew the answers… why didn’t I say them?”

It’s like your brain packs a suitcase for the interview but leaves all your best answers at home watching Netflix.

James came to me after bombing three interviews. Brilliant on paper. Articulate in coaching sessions. But when it came time to speak in the room, his words dried up.

He said, “It’s like I become a version of myself I don’t even recognise.”

We worked on grounding exercises, rewrote his prep strategy, and practised mindful breathing techniques before APS interviews. He showed up to the next panel relaxed, focused, and 100% present.

He got the job. And the confidence to finally believe he belonged.

The APS interview room is often less about proving you’re the right person, and more about remembering you already are.

When impostor syndrome walks in first, it speaks louder than your resume ever could.

Mindful coaching helps you slow the internal chatter and tune into your value. We change the narrative from performance to presence. And when you’re present, you’re powerful.

Want to silence that inner critic and walk into your next APS interview like you belong there?

I’d love to help! – info@psinterviewcoach.com.au or https://psinterviewcoach.com.au/contact.php

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Behavioural vs Competency Interview Questions – Tips and Advice from 20yrs as a APS Recruitment & Hiring Manager

By Chris – PS Interview Coach

After coaching thousands of Australian Public Service candidates over the past two decades, I’ve noticed a persistent confusion that costs many talented professionals their dream APS roles. They prepare extensively for “behavioural questions” using the STAR method, only to stumble when faced with competency-based questions that require a completely different approach.

The truth is, understanding the subtle but crucial differences between behavioural and competency-based interview questions—and knowing how to excel at both—can be the difference between APS interview success and disappointment. Today, I’m breaking down these differences and sharing my proven strategies for nailing both question types.

Understanding Behavioural Interview Questions

What Are Behavioural Interview Questions?

Behavioural interview questions are designed to assess how you’ve handled specific situations in the past. They’re based on the principle that past behaviour is the best predictor of future performance. These questions typically start with phrases like “Tell me about a time when…” or “Describe a situation where…”

Key characteristics of behavioural questions:

  • Focus on specific past experiences and actions
  • Require detailed storytelling with concrete examples
  • Assess your problem-solving process and decision-making
  • Evaluate your ability to learn from experiences
  • Test your self-awareness and reflection capabilities

Common Behavioural Question Examples in APS Interviews

Here are typical behavioural questions you might encounter in Australian Public Service interviews:

  • “Tell me about a time when you had to work with a difficult stakeholder”
  • “Describe a situation where you had to adapt to a significant change”
  • “Give me an example of when you had to decide with incomplete information”
  • “Tell me about a time when you had to influence someone without authority”
  • “Describe a situation where you had to handle competing priorities”

Understanding Competency-Based Interview Questions

What Are Competency-Based Interview Questions?

Competency-based questions focus on assessing whether you possess specific skills, knowledge, or abilities required for the role. Rather than asking for a story, these questions test your understanding of concepts, your approach to situations, and your theoretical knowledge.

Key characteristics of competency-based questions:

  • Assess specific skills, knowledge, or capabilities
  • May include hypothetical scenarios or theoretical situations
  • Test your understanding of best practices and methodologies
  • Evaluate your knowledge of relevant frameworks or processes
  • Focus on your approach and thinking rather than specific past events

Common Competency-Based Question Examples in APS Interviews

Here are typical competency-based questions in Australian Public Service contexts:

  • “How would you approach building relationships with key stakeholders in this role?”
  • “What strategies would you use to manage a team through organisational change?”
  • “How do you ensure compliance with government policies and procedures?”
  • “What’s your approach to risk management in government projects?”
  • “How would you handle a situation where departmental priorities conflict?”

Key Differences Between Behavioural and Competency Questions

Response Structure Requirements

The most critical difference lies in how you should structure your responses to each question type.

Behavioural questions require:

  • Specific examples from your experience
  • STAR method implementation (Situation, Task, Action, Result)
  • Detailed storytelling with concrete outcomes
  • Personal reflection on lessons learned
  • Demonstration of growth and development

Competency questions require:

  • Framework-based approaches and methodologies
  • Theoretical knowledge demonstration
  • Best practice understanding
  • Strategic thinking and planning
  • Examples used to illustrate understanding (not as the main focus)

Assessment Focus Differences

Understanding what interviewers are assessing helps you tailor your responses appropriately.

Behavioural questions assess:

  • Your actual performance in real situations
  • Problem-solving and decision-making processes
  • Interpersonal and communication skills
  • Adaptability and resilience
  • Self-awareness and learning capability

Competency questions assess:

  • Knowledge of relevant concepts and frameworks
  • Understanding of best practices in your field
  • Strategic thinking and planning abilities
  • Professional judgment and decision-making capability
  • Alignment with role requirements and expectations

How to Nail Behavioural Interview Questions

Master the Enhanced STAR Method

While most candidates know about STAR, few implement it effectively. Here’s my enhanced approach:

Situation (20% of response time):

  • Set the context concisely without unnecessary detail
  • Include relevant stakeholders and constraints
  • Establish the complexity or challenge level
  • Connect to APS values or government context, where relevant

Task (15% of response time):

  • Clearly define your specific role and responsibilities
  • Explain what needs to be achieved
  • Highlight any competing priorities or constraints
  • Show understanding of broader organisational goals

Action (50% of response time):

  • Focus exclusively on YOUR actions, not team actions
  • Detail your thought process and decision-making
  • Show how you applied relevant skills or knowledge
  • Demonstrate problem-solving and adaptability
  • Include communication and stakeholder management

Result (15% of response time):

  • Provide specific, quantifiable outcomes
  • Connect results to organisational benefits
  • Include lessons learned and personal development
  • Show impact on stakeholders or the broader organisation

Advanced Behavioural Question Strategies

Example selection criteria:

  • Choose examples that showcase progression and growth
  • Select situations with clear challenges and obstacles
  • Ensure examples demonstrate the specific competency being assessed
  • Use recent examples that reflect your current capability level
  • Prepare examples that highlight different aspects of your experience

Response enhancement techniques:

  • Include emotional intelligence and interpersonal awareness
  • Show consideration of different perspectives and stakeholder needs
  • Demonstrate ethical reasoning and value-based decision-making
  • Connect your actions to broader organisational or public benefits
  • Show a learning and continuous improvement mindset

How to Nail Competency-Based Interview Questions

Framework-First Approach

Competency questions require you to demonstrate knowledge of frameworks, methodologies, and best practices before providing examples.

Effective competency response structure:

  • Framework introduction: Start with the relevant methodology or approach
  • Process explanation: Detail the steps or considerations involved
  • Context application: Show how you’d apply this in the specific role
  • Example illustration: Provide a brief example of a successful application
  • Outcome focus: Connect to organisational benefits and results

Essential Competency Response Strategies

Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding:

  • Show knowledge of multiple approaches or methodologies
  • Explain when and why you’d use different strategies
  • Display awareness of potential challenges and mitigation strategies
  • Connect your approach to current best practices in the field
  • Show understanding of government-specific considerations

Government context integration:

  • Reference relevant policies, frameworks, or legislation
  • Show understanding of government accountability requirements
  • Demonstrate awareness of political sensitivities
  • Include stakeholder complexity and consultation processes
  • Connect to broader government priorities and objectives

Common Mistakes That Kill Interview Performance

Behavioural Question Mistakes

Critical errors to avoid:

  • Using hypothetical examples instead of real experiences
  • Spending too much time on the situation setup
  • Describing team actions rather than personal actions
  • Providing vague or unquantified results
  • Failing to connect examples to the selection criteria
  • Using outdated examples that don’t reflect current capability

Competency Question Mistakes

Common competency response errors:

  • Jumping straight into an example without explaining your approach
  • Providing generic responses that could apply to any organisation
  • Failing to demonstrate knowledge of relevant frameworks
  • Not connecting your approach to government-specific requirements
  • Showing limited understanding of best practices in your field
  • Not addressing potential challenges or risk mitigation

Advanced Preparation Strategies for Both Question Types

Example Mapping and Framework Development

Successful candidates prepare systematically for both question types through strategic example mapping and framework development.

For behavioural questions:

  • Create an example bank covering all major competency areas
  • Ensure examples span different roles, timeframes, and complexity levels
  • Practice telling each example in 2-3 minutes using enhanced STAR
  • Identify multiple competencies each example could demonstrate
  • Prepare follow-up details for likely interviewer questions

For competency questions:

  • Research and master relevant frameworks for your field
  • Understand government-specific policies and procedures
  • Develop clear methodologies for common workplace challenges
  • Prepare brief examples that illustrate the framework application
  • Practice explaining complex concepts in clear, accessible language

How PS Interview Coach Transforms Your Interview Performance

At PS Interview Coach, we specialise in helping candidates master both behavioural and competency-based questions through our comprehensive coaching approach:

  • Question type identification training: Learn to quickly recognise and categorise different question types
  • Framework development: Build robust methodologies for addressing competency questions
  • Example optimisation: Refine your behavioural examples for maximum impact
  • Response timing and structure: Perfect your delivery for both question types
  • APS-specific preparation: Integrate government context and requirements throughout your responses

Don’t let confusion between behavioural and competency questions cost you your ideal APS role. Master both approaches and watch your interview confidence and success rate soar.

APS Merit Pool Advantage – Common Myths and Questions Answered

Understanding the Competitive Advantage of Getting onto an APS Merit Pool

By Chris – PS Interview Coach

In my two decades of coaching Australian Public Service professionals, I’ve observed a fundamental shift in how smart career strategists approach APS recruitment. While many candidates focus solely on securing immediate job offers, the most successful professionals understand a more sophisticated approach: leveraging Merit Pools as a strategic career accelerator.

Today, I’m revealing why getting onto an APS Merit Pool isn’t just about job security—it’s about positioning yourself for unprecedented career opportunities and professional growth within the Australian Public Service.

What is an APS Merit Pool and How Does it Work?

The Merit Pool System Explained

An APS Merit Pool is a pre-qualified group of candidates who have successfully demonstrated their capability for specific roles or classification levels through a competitive selection process. Rather than filling a single position, departments create these pools to streamline future recruitment for similar roles.

Key characteristics of Merit Pools:

  • Multi-candidate selection process assessing the same selection criteria
  • Validity period typically ranges from 12-24 months
  • Cross-departmental accessibility for participating agencies
  • Streamlined appointment process for future vacancies
  • No guarantee of immediate employment, but priority consideration

Types of Merit Pools in the APS

Merit Pools operate across various levels and specialisations within the Australian Public Service, including graduate programs, specialist technical roles, executive positions, and generalist administrative functions.

Strategic Advantage 1 – Accelerated Career Progression Opportunities

Multiple Role Access from a Single Application

The most significant advantage of Merit Pool inclusion is the exponential increase in role opportunities. Instead of competing for one position, you gain access to multiple vacancies across participating departments and agencies.

Career acceleration benefits include:

  • Priority consideration for roles matching your assessed capabilities
  • Reduced competition compared to open recruitment processes
  • Access to unadvertised positions filled directly from the pool
  • Opportunity to secure roles in different departments without reapplying
  • Faster appointment timelines compared to traditional recruitment

Cross-Departmental Mobility Enhancement

Merit Pool membership breaks down traditional departmental silos, allowing you to explore diverse career paths across the APS without navigating separate selection processes for each opportunity.

Strategic Advantage 2 – Enhanced Professional Credibility and Market Value

Validated Capability Recognition

Merit Pool selection serves as third-party validation of your professional capabilities. This recognition extends beyond the immediate job market, enhancing your professional reputation within the broader APS community.

Credibility enhancement includes:

  • Independent assessment and validation of your competencies
  • Demonstrated ability to meet rigorous APS selection standards
  • Professional recognition that follows you throughout your APS career
  • Enhanced negotiating position for salary and conditions
  • Increased confidence in professional interactions and networking

Competitive Differentiation in Future Applications

Merit Pool experience distinguishes you from other candidates in future APS applications, demonstrating proven success in competitive government selection processes.

Strategic Advantage 3 – Reduced Job Search Stress and Uncertainty

Ongoing Opportunity Pipeline

Merit Pool membership transforms your job search from reactive application responses to proactive opportunity management, providing psychological and practical benefits.

Stress reduction factors:

  • Continuous flow of potential opportunities without additional applications
  • Reduced pressure to accept suboptimal positions
  • Greater selectivity in choosing roles that align with career goals
  • An extended timeframe for decision-making compared to traditional recruitment
  • Professional security, knowing you’re in a preferred candidate pool

Strategic Career Planning Capability

Merit Pool membership provides the luxury of strategic career planning rather than opportunistic job hunting, allowing for more thoughtful professional decisions.

Strategic Advantage 4 – Insider Access to APS Culture and Networks

Early Insight into Departmental Priorities

Merit Pool processes often provide deeper insight into departmental strategies, priorities, and culture than standard recruitment processes, giving you valuable intelligence for career planning.

Cultural integration advantages:

  • Enhanced understanding of department-specific working styles
  • Early exposure to key stakeholders and decision-makers
  • Insight into upcoming projects and initiatives
  • Understanding of internal promotion pathways and opportunities
  • Access to informal networks and professional relationships

Professional Network Expansion

The Merit Pool process connects you with other high-calibre APS professionals and senior APS leaders, expanding your professional network significantly.

Strategic Advantage 5 – Financial and Career Security Benefits

Reduced Recruitment Costs and Time Investment

Merit Pool membership eliminates the need for repeated application processes, reducing both the time and financial investment typically required for job searching.

Economic advantages include:

  • Elimination of repeated application preparation costs
  • Reduced time investment in research and application writing
  • Lower opportunity cost compared to continuous job searching
  • Potential for higher starting salaries due to reduced competition
  • Earlier access to promotion opportunities and salary progression

Career Risk Mitigation

Merit Pool membership provides a safety net during career transitions, reducing the risk associated with leaving current positions or making strategic career moves.

Maximising Your Merit Pool Advantage – Strategic Approaches

Active Pool Management

Successful Merit Pool members don’t wait passively for opportunities. They actively manage their pool membership through strategic networking, continuous skill development, and proactive communication with potential hiring managers.

Effective pool management strategies:

  • Regular networking with departments participating in your Merit Pool
  • Continuous professional development to stay current and competitive
  • Proactive communication about your availability and interests
  • Strategic positioning for high-priority departmental initiatives
  • Maintaining visibility through professional associations and forums

Leveraging Pool Status for Career Negotiations

Merit Pool status provides significant leverage in career negotiations, from salary discussions to role scope and professional development opportunities.

Common Merit Pool Misconceptions and Realities

Misconception: Merit Pools Guarantee Employment

While Merit Pool membership doesn’t guarantee immediate employment, it provides preferential access to opportunities and significantly improves your chances of securing suitable positions.

Reality: Strategic Positioning for Long-term Success

Merit Pool membership should be viewed as a strategic career investment rather than a short-term job solution, providing long-term competitive advantages in the APS job market.

How PS Interview Coach Helps You Secure Merit Pool Success

At PS Interview Coach, we specialise in helping professionals understand and leverage Merit Pool opportunities strategically. Our comprehensive approach includes:

Don’t underestimate the strategic value of Merit Pool membership in accelerating your APS career. With proper interview preparation and strategic thinking, Merit Pool success can transform your professional trajectory within the Australian Public Service.

Frequently Asked Questions About APS Merit Pool Advantages

How long do APS Merit Pools typically remain active?

Most APS Merit Pools remain active for 12-24 months, though this can vary depending on the department and role type. Some specialist pools may extend longer if there’s ongoing demand for specific skills, while others may close earlier if positions are filled quickly.

Can I be on multiple Merit Pools simultaneously?

Yes, you can be on multiple Merit Pools simultaneously, provided you meet the selection criteria for each pool and can fulfill the requirements if selected. This strategy actually maximises your opportunities and is recommended for accelerating career progression.

Do I need to reapply when Merit Pools expire?

Yes, when Merit Pools expire, you’ll need to reapply through the new selection process. However, your previous Merit Pool experience and the skills you’ve developed often provide significant advantages in subsequent applications.

What happens if I decline a position offered from a Merit Pool?

Declining a Merit Pool position typically doesn’t remove you from the pool, but policies vary between departments. You should clarify this with the hiring department when you join the pool. Strategic declination of unsuitable positions is often acceptable and expected.

Are Merit Pool positions always at the same classification level?

Merit Pools are typically created for specific classification levels, but some pools may include opportunities for advancement or development roles. The pool description will specify the classification levels and types of positions covered.

How competitive is it to get onto an APS Merit Pool?

Merit Pool selection is highly competitive, often more so than individual position recruitment because departments want to ensure pool quality. However, the investment in interview preparation is worthwhile given the multiple opportunities that Merit Pool membership provides.

Do Merit Pool members get priority over external candidates for advertised positions?

Merit Pool members typically receive priority consideration for relevant positions, though this depends on departmental policies and the specific terms of the Merit Pool. Many positions are filled directly from pools without external advertising.

Can Merit Pool membership help with promotion opportunities?

Yes, Merit Pool membership often provides access to development opportunities and acting positions that can lead to promotions. The networking and visibility gained through Merit Pool participation also supports career advancement.

What’s the difference between a Merit Pool and a standing offer panel?

Merit Pools typically involve competitive selection processes and provide access to ongoing employment opportunities, while standing offer panels are usually for specific services or short-term contracts. Merit Pools offer greater career development potential.

How should I prepare differently for Merit Pool selection versus regular APS recruitment?

Merit Pool preparation should focus on demonstrating versatility and adaptability since you’ll potentially fit multiple roles. Emphasise transferable skills, cultural fit with the APS, and long-term career commitment rather than specific job-focused responses. For comprehensive preparation guidance, check our APS interview tips and resources or consider our interview coaching services.

7 Critical Themes That Cause Australian Public Service (APS) Interview Failures (And How to Avoid Them)

7 Common APS Interview Mistakes That Derail Even Qualified Candidates
By Chris – PS Interview Coach

After two decades of helping professionals navigate the Australian Public Service recruitment process, I’ve witnessed countless talented individuals stumble at the interview stage. While technical qualifications might get you through the door, it’s often subtle missteps that prevent candidates from securing their dream APS role.

Here are the seven most common themes that lead to APS interview failures – and how to avoid them.


Theme 1 – Failing to Demonstrate Value Alignment with Public Service Principles

The Problem: Surface-Level Understanding of APS Values

Many candidates treat the APS Values as a checkbox exercise rather than demonstrating genuine understanding.

Common mistakes:

  • Reciting values without context

  • Providing generic examples

  • Failing to connect experiences to public service outcomes

The Solution: Weave values naturally throughout responses using our APS interview coaching framework.


Theme 2 – Inadequate STAR Method Implementation

The Problem: Weak Storytelling Structure

Despite knowing the STAR method, candidates often:

  • Spending too long on situation setup
  • Gloss over personal actions
  • Fail to quantify results

The Solution: Master concise storytelling with our STAR method guide.


Theme 3 – Poor Understanding of Government Context

The Problem: Private Sector Thinking

Common disconnects include:

  • Overemphasising profit-driven outcomes
  • Ignoring stakeholder complexity
  • Not recognising political sensitivity

The Solution: Research departmental priorities using our APS executive insights.


Theme 4 – Inability to Handle Hypothetical Scenarios

The Problem: Reactive Responses

Typical failures:

  • Jumping to solutions without analysis
  • Ignoring key stakeholders
  • Overlooking ethical implications

The Solution: Develop structured analysis with our scenario-based coaching.


Theme 5 – Weak Example Matching

The Problem: Generic Examples

Example mismatches:

  1. Basic examples for complex criteria

  2. Outdated examples

  3. Poorly scaled examples

The Solution: Map criteria-specific examples using our selection criteria service.


Theme 6 – Poor Communication Skills

The Problem: Technical Without Clarity

Common barriers:

  • Excessive jargon
  • Rambling responses
  • Poor active listening

The Solution: Refine skills through our interview coaching packages.


Theme 7 – Insufficient Preparation

The Problem: Generic Approach

Preparation gaps:

  • Not researching departmental priorities
  • Ignoring machinery of government changes
  • Failing to understand role context

The Solution: Comprehensive research with our APS career coaching.


How PS Interview Coach Helps You Succeed

We provide:

Don’t let these mistakes derail your aspirations. Contact us for expert APS interview preparation.